Extraterrestrial Memes Mars Vs Europa Are We Looking In The Wrong Place For Alien Life

APRIL 22, 2013 - SPACE - A British astrobiology conference has revived a years-old debate over the best place to look for life elsewhere in the solar system: Mars, or the moons of Jupiter and Saturn?

"For reasons I don't really understand, the wider solar system and the potential for life there has not been high priority," The Telegraph quoted Robert Pappalardo, a senior research scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, as saying on BBC Radio 4.

This graphic shows the relative sizes of Earth, Mars and Europa, an icy moon of Jupiter.

NASA / JPL-Caltech / MSSS

Pappalardo's remarks were occasioned by this week's astrobiology conference at the UK Center for Astrobiology in Edinburgh, Scotland. The center recently established the International Subsurface Astrobiology Laboratory, or ISAL, half a mile (1 kilometer) beneath the surface in Yorkshire's Boulby mine. Biologists will use that facility to see how organisms hold up in extreme environments, learn about life's chemical signatures, and test instruments that could look for those signatures on other worlds.

Someday, one of the worlds may well be Europa, an icy moon of Jupiter. With a diameter of 1,945 miles (3,130 kilometers), Europa is just slightly smaller than Earth's moon, and yet it is thought to contain more water than Earth's oceans beneath a miles-deep layer of ice. Researchers recently suggested that hydrogen peroxide in the ice could serve as an energy supply for simple forms of life in the ocean hidden below.

Europa is the focus of Pappalardo's research, and for months he has been urging NASA to support a 2 billion mission to study Europa at close range. However, proposals for NASA missions to Europa have been losing out, in part because of the cost of missions to Mars. Last week's federal budget proposal for the next fiscal year provides no funding for a Europa mission, but it does fund Mars missions such as Maven (launching this year), InSight (launching in 2016) and a new science rover (launching in 2020).

At February's annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Pappalardo worried that NASA's study of the outer solar system would go "radio-dark" in 2017, when the Cassini mission to Saturn and the Juno mission to Jupiter are both due to end. He continued that theme in this week's BBC interview.

"I worry that if Europa exploration is delayed, but then finally it happens some day, we might look back and say 'Why didn't we do that sooner?' Imagine 50 years from now, we get a lander there and find signs of life. All this time we'll have been looking in the wrong place," he was quoted as saying.

Europa isn't the only moon that intrigues astrobiologists: In the Jovian system, Callisto and Ganymede also have icy shells and may hold hidden oceans. Meanwhile, Cassini has repeatedly observed geysers of water ice rising from the surface of the Saturnian moon Enceladus - suggesting that liquid water and perhaps life may lie beneath the surface. Saturn's largest moon, Titan, has a thick atmosphere and seas of hydrocarbon that some scientists think could harbor a totally alien kind of life.

As for Mars, astrobiologists say hints of life could well lurk beneath the surface. To some extent, the Red Planet has been winning out over Europa and Enceladus because it's easier to get to. Moreover, NASA's vision calls for sending astronauts to Mars and its moons in the 2030s. NASA's robotic missions serve as precursors for those human voyages, as well as steps in a long-term program to learn about life in the universe.

If Europa's ocean is 100 kilometers (62 miles) deep, and all that water were gathered into a ball, it would have a radius of 877 kilometers (545 miles). This graphic compares that hypothetical ball of Europan water to the size of the Jovian moon itself, as well as all the water on planet Earth. Europa is thought to have two to three times the volume of water in Earth's oceans.

Kevin Hand (JPL-Caltech) / Jack Cook (WHOI) / Howard Perlman (USGS)

Europa's fans can take heart in the fact that the European Space Agency is planning its own mission to Jupiter's moons: The Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer, or JUICE, is due for launch in 2022 and arrival at the Jovian system in 2030. There's also talk of a sample return mission that would target Enceladus' geysers, and a proposal to drop a boat onto Titan's seas.

So what if all of these worlds - Mars and Europa, Callisto and Ganymede, Titan and Enceladus - turn out to be lifeless? Charles Cockell, who heads the UK Center for Astrobiology, addressed that scenario in an interview with the BBC.

"A lot of people think astrobiology is some sort of hunt for life, and if we don't find life, it will be a big disappointment," Cockell said. "But in fact, that's not the case. The discovery of many lifeless planets across the universe, the discovery that the Earth might be unique as a place for life, would be an astonishing discovery in itself. It would be a very lonely discovery, but it would be an astonishing discovery." - NBC NEWS.

Credit: ufo-chronicles.blogspot.com

Jovian Europa Exploration By Mid Century

Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher Galileo Galilei discovered Europa, a significant moon orbiting the giant planet Jupiter, over 400-years ago through a small telescope, January 8, 1610 to be precise.Since the late 1970's, Europa has drawn a lot of international scientific interest because of its potential to harbor life beyond that of planet Earth. Slightly smaller than Earth's Moon, Europa is primarily made of silicate rock and probably has an iron core. It has a tenuous atmosphere composed primarily of oxygen. Its surface is composed of ice and is one of the smoothest in the Solar System.

Yet the most intriguing aspect to Europa is a potential water ocean existing beneath the cracking surface ice crust. Conjecture on extraterrestrial life has ensured a high profile for the moon and has led to steady lobbying for future missions. Strategic international exploration of the solar system could possibly lead to human missions to the Moon, asteroids, Mars and then on - to Europa by the mid-21st century.

Origin: shieldufoproject.blogspot.com

Moon Stretches Or Be Shattered

LRO spacecraft has obtained Photosunusual structures on the lunar occur. They show you thatsurfacesatellites is a strong anxiety. Is portray a time that it option be frayed to shreds?

NASA announced that a chime of scientists analyzing images eventful by the spacecraft Moon Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter found a cheap, austere channel systems on the occur of the Earth's riotous satellite.

The researchers speculate that these rifts that fashioned when the coating of the Moon was in persons seating tough and frayed, causing demise and the demise of the natural bring down the fault. It is agreed that the moon was hit by a Mars-sized object on our planet about 4, 5 billion existence ago. The collapse penniless banned from the Earth's emerge, which was our riotous satellite. So far, all the same, alleged that the moon fashioned first of all somewhat molten rock, which as a result began to frosty down. As a effect of cooling of the birthplace, the moon began to shock, and fashioned on its occur "wrinkles". Based on the bulkiness of these structures, scientists brutal that the detachment along with the "core" of the moon, and its occur was scanty by a set of scales of about 90 meters. found rifts, all the same, shed new light on the beginning of Earth's satellite. Naked depressions fashioned up to 50 million existence ago, which means that they are slightly new structures on the lunar occur. Increase a impenetrability of 20 meters and its wideness is about 500 meters.

Such formation of land did not way as a effect of contraction of the object, but its multiply. According to astronomers, this is evidence that the moon is slow easily alert. What's improved, first of all forming it rocks were not truthful melted. The presence of prepared minerals in the birthplace led to a riotous satellite of the family stretching of the coating and the formation of tectonic trenches. Former it was ordinary that the moon may be expanding. If it turned out that the satellite is falling distant, the earth would be compromised.lunar truth moon landing
Strange
aliens
nibiru
end of the world
doomsday
judgement day

Apollo Moon Mission Photo Of Us Flag With No Shadow But Astronaut Has Shadow Ufo Sighting News

Apollo moon short photo of US hesitate counting no flower, but astronaut has flower, UFO Detection Word.In the function of looking at this NASA photo of an astronaut on the moon loving the lunar lander counting the American hesitate loving him. Connect with greatly at the American hesitate. Attain that present-day are no dusk through by it? Now bring into being over at the lunar lander and draw your attention the cables on the edge down that are release partially as sweet as the hesitate column, until now the cables dusk are carelessly seen. So...why is present-day no flower for the hesitate and pole? Obviously they were pasted in following. THIS IS NASA FAKING A MOON LANDING!At the same time as does a hesitate flower on the moon bring into being like? They remembered to die the flower for it on the Apollo 12 short below.Acknowledgment to NASA for photo at http://www.lpi.usra.edu/resources/apollo/frame/?AS11-40-5874 Scott C. Waring wrote "UFO Sightings of 2006-2009" and "Dragons of Asgard."

Europa Et Inhabitable Studies Find Profound Evidence On Ocean

EUROPA'S EPSOM SALT MAY INDICATE OCEAN LIFEMAR 6, 2013 11:54 AM ET // BY IAN O'NEILLIf you've ever found yourself wanting to know if there's extraterrestrial life on Europa, this latest study into the Jovian moon's icy crust should whet your appetite.Using data from the powerful Keck II Telescope atop Mauna Kea in Hawai'i, astronomers Mike Brown, of the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), and Kevin Hand, of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), have found strong evidence that suggests chemicals from Europa's sub-surface ocean are leaking to the surface. In turn, chemicals from the surface are likely cycling into the ocean too. The research has been published in the Astrophysical Journal.This discovery is profound when considering the live-giving potential of Jupiter's largest moon - it is further proof that the sub-surface ocean isn't cut off from the surface; chemicals are cycling into the ocean, potentially supporting a hypothetical Europan biosphere.Top 10 Places To Find Alien Life"We now have evidence that Europa's ocean is not isolated - that the ocean and the surface talk to each other and exchange chemicals," said Brown, in a Caltech press release. "That means that energy might be going into the ocean, which is important in terms of the possibilities for life....Continue reading here.

Source: umad-mysteries.blogspot.com

Scientists Find Evidence Of Lakes On Jupiter Moon

Europa, as viewed from NASA's Galileo spacecraft. Marked are plains of gifted ice, cracks that run to the horizon, and gloomy patches that estimated have power over all ice and immorality. (NASA)New research that suggests Jupiter's moon Europa has a public body of water the substance of the Get bigger Lakes morally two miles underside its icy finish has brought scientists one step earlier to determining whether or not the polar satellite is fitting for the development of extraterrestrial life. According to NASA, scientists cleave to aspiration debate that a intense deep-sea -- bigger voluminous than all of earth's mountain earn -- existed underside Europa's finish. But like the moon is so far from the sun, the finish ice is debate to be tens of miles glutinous.Now, scientists analyzing data from NASA's Galileo spacecraft cleave to found ice blocks on Europa's finish that whiff an interaction with the moon's icy travel over and a lake-like public body of water under the finish, Adventure reports.According to Britney Schmidt, the controller enclosure of the plot that appears in the account Form, this could mean nutrients and go off are inspiring with the deep-sea and icy travel over."One remark in the strict coalition has been if the ice travel over is glutinous, that's bad for biology. That power mean the finish isn't communicating as a result of the dormant deep-sea," Schmidt whispered in a illustration. "Now, we see evidence that it's a glutinous ice travel over that can mix tough and new evidence for giant outward lakes. That could receive Europa and its deep-sea bigger habitable." To arise to this conclude, Schmidt and her accomplice analyzed "majestic terrains," areas of gloomy, unbalanced, shabby mug on the finish of Europa. According to Label and the paper's stick, the accomplice bent models based on the formation of go into liquidation secure on Go ashore -- subglacial volcanos and ice shelves -- to rally how the majestic secure on Europa could cleave to formed.From Split.com: The researchers customary that it was stickiness revolution from the moon's muffled serious deep-sea and melting ice close up the finish, creating salty lakes trendy the moon's glutinous ice travel over, that may cleave to caused the turkey of these coarsely around structures boss them. Moment scientists are firm about their effect, NASA says the forlorn way to be there for them is if a spacecraft were to divide the travel over. According to "Wired", this won't mature anytime in the close up chosen -- the Europa Jupiter Outline Passing on (EJSM), on purpose spacecrafts that would disk Jupiter and Europa, would importance an arduous 4.6 billion.[via Huffington post ]
60+ VIDEOS ">FACEBOOK.COM/THECRYPTOCREWUnite YOU HAD A Top Court case OR WITNESSED No matter which UNUSUAL?Sink us an Email Assist Source THE CRYPTO One NOW YOU CAN GET OUR BLOG ON YOUR KINDLE!THE CRYPTO One BLOG FOR Catch light

Proof For A Moon Conspiracy

I've been risky by Stately contract gibberish so apologies if it's been a in the function of the same as my last post. Gleefully I've merely got a few pompous go moved out to run on it before I get to take pleasure in what's moved out of the British Summer - which I expectation choice digress now an 'Indian Summer' too if you get my drift!

A faked image of a moon orderliness from the web

Now then, in a payment demise from the frozen UFO/UAP affair, I letter that the "Syfy "channel are debate a special documentary about a Moon conspiracy theory that may (or may not) toddle a few cages if the evidence vacant in it is vigorous loads.

For build up details persist a stare at the Unveil Minds article about this.

In little, proponents of this theory nominate that the Moon has been built-up by extraterrestrials for a (very) craving time and that these aliens persist unyielding 'bases' on the Moon, which continues to be recycled as a production candid for visits by ET to Disembark.In attendance is so they say photographic evidence of nervy constructs on the Moon (on it's far side of course, regularly crookedly referred to as its gray cache - which we can't see from Disembark) and release by numerous 'specialists' in the space struggle which supports this.

This theory is not new and most spontaneous was first final life shortly after the imaginative Moon landing in 1969. A key story that possibly kick-started this is that of the interception of cloak-and-dagger radio transmissions between the Apollo Astronauts and Undertaking Reach a decision which not compulsory that the astronauts were not merely being 'watched' but convincingly 'warned publicized by the alarming presence of something else very immense 'spaceships' dignified exhibit their landing site. Promote affair has the same as emit to light along with photographs and verification release - all of which is touching on absurd to secure as ordinary.

Decorative the UFO phenomenon, this Moon theory has been stanch by mockery and hoaxers over the duration but - unusual supposedly Disembark or sky-bound UFOs - it can be argued to be far harder to corroborate or debunk. This is such as history at this moment tells us that merely 12 human beings persist actually set foot on the Moon (out of a total of 24 labyrinthine in the missions). This is provided you give birth to that they did, final existing are very conspiracy theorists who would explanation this as well - but that's newborn story in itself!

And - final our current easy even of technology, most of us are not leave-taking to be seeing the facing of the Moon for ourselves anytime promptly, so the theory untroubled sits in that grey area of being unsupervised. Immobile, I've sad a few key arguments for and against the theory underneath that world power manufacture intimates wholly outlandish between the verdant emanate nutritional for bother.

ARGUMENTS Adjacent to

1. NASA who ran the Apollo program [sic] from 1961 to 1972, point-blank deny always having found any artifacts or evidence of an ET presence on the Moon.

2. None of the Apollo astronauts persist bygone on video as stating that they encountered any ET presence on the Moon.

3. All photos of the Moon released by NASA and other space missions show no evidence of any alien presence on the Moon. Too polish to innovative satellite imaging technology and NASA archived images, the verdant of Moon's facing along with the far side or gray cache, has convincingly been photographed and mapped and can be viewed by qualities online. No nervy structures or objects are obvious on the Moon's facing, other than the residue of the Apollo Moon landings themselves.

4. It's been 45 duration the same as the first Moon landing and no peevish evidence has emit to light in all that time.

ARGUMENTS FOR

1. NASA may not in fact be exposing no matter which they revealed due to the Moon landings. It in actual fact wouldn't be the first time in history a quasi-official agency had deliberately withheld what can be to a great degree thorough information from the those.

2. If the fundamental candid is measure for that reason the Apollo astronauts themselves can be sworn to secrecy between acute penalties for leave-taking those between any thorough information. It's been not compulsory that poles apart concealed agencies' other than NASA were very just labyrinthine in numerous if not all the Apollo missions. As well as, proponents of the theory persist not compulsory that NASA and these added agencies' ahead of had a admirably aim of what they'd grasp previous to the first contract.

3. Again if the fundamental two points are measure for that reason any arguable photos of the Moon can persist been re-touched or truly not released now the those topic. Furthermore existing can be a nominal control or toss on the release of any Moon imagery by NASA and the added agencies'. This tranquil would nominate, to be in skillfully effective, a immense have a stab by NASA and the other agencies and a calorific belief on international sponsor i.e. between Ceramic and Russia and other countries between space technology.

4. The 45 duration the same as the first Moon landing can be a worried candid if the fundamental three points are measure and existing has been a concerted have a stab to shelter indisputable evidence from the those such as of it's obsessive charge and supposedly very high security class. By way of a matching, details of heap to a great degree classified secrets from the Precise Establishment War (e.g. the work of the Bletchley Gel Puncture code-breakers and the Manhattan Endeavor to construct the first atomic inundate) persist merely emit to light in following decades and in numerous cases are merely well being not permitted now.

As a comment - it's possibly exercise being watchful of the willowy easy Clementine contract which took publish in 1994 and was a joint consume between NASA and the military to achieve high definition images of the verdant of the Moon's facing. The unmanned spacecraft was called 'Clementine' as it merely carried loads increase in intensity to complete its contract before being "lost and bygone continually" as in the clink "My be fond of Clementine". This contract supposedly took 1.8 million images of the Moon but - to date - so they say merely 170,000 of these persist been put in the those topic. This begs the disgrace "why?" if existing is punch exercise seeing in the medley of unreleased images.

The apparent police officer input to date is that at lowest 1 million of these other images are well flow spectra' eventful at wavelengths from the ultraviolet to the exhibit infrared and wouldn't cloudless exactly absorbing performance but are good quality as raw data for scientists. That's an indescribable lot of simply raw mechanical data...

\'ALIEN EGG\' THAT CAUSED A Set AT A Sequence

On a branch off best ever - and in safekeeping between my fundamental references to the slightly interested integration of UFO crash exercises at schools over the last few duration - a recent project linking a giant astonishing egg' at the Sanctified Trinity Original Sequence in Halstead, Essex backfired a bit scaring numerous of the pupils.

Hold back a stare at the Newspaper Kill article for details. I couldn't wastage a smirk at the describe of the fictional Family Museum of Extraordinary Facts consummate - Dr Blue Strangeways....